Infant antibiotic use alters the fungal mycobiome and induces Malassezia sp. overgrowth Erik van Tilburg Bernardes1,2, Stephen B Freedman1, Marie-Claire Arrieta1,2 1University of Calgary, Department of Pediatrics, Calgary, Canada. 2University of Calgary, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calgary, Canada. Designed to treat bacterial infections, antibiotics also impact the microbiome. The characterization of antibiotic-induced microbiome alterations during early life is critical, as these can lead to immune and metabolic diseases. However, while the gut microbiome comprises a multi-kingdom community of microorganisms, little is known on the impact of antibiotics on non-bacterial microbes. Fungi are important members of the gut microbiome that have gained attention due to their role in host immune development. Yet, the direct implications of antibiotic use on the infant mycobiome, and how these may impact infant development are largely unexplored. We conducted an observational, prospective clinical study to investigate the impact of antibiotic use on the mycobiome of young infants (
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